The Third Article Is By Murali ( 2004 ) Essay - 1674 Words

The third article is by Murali (2004). This article looks into poverty at a deeper level and explores how it directly and indirectly affects mental health. It looks at it in the context of the growing inequality between the classes. This article mainly focuses on the children and how their social class shapes their mental health. It is important to look at how it affects children, because the children as they grow can either accept it or work hard to change it. It is hard to see upward mobility from the parents class. It is possible but usually there is only a one-class change. Focusing on how class affect children can help create treatments to help the child better coup with life as an adult. It also looks into how they plan to reduce inequality both nationally and internationally (Murali, 2004). This is important to look at because it can help explain the differences in mental health between the social classes. The fourth article I found is by Artazcoz, Benach, Borrell, Cortà ¨s (2004). This article looks at the interactions among genders, family roles, and social class. This article helps explain the common findings of how the lower class has more mental health problems. It explains how unemployment affects the families’ mental health. It also explains why which is needed for comparison to the upper classes’ stresses (Artazcoz, Benach, Borrell, Cortà ¨s, 2004). This article is important because it explains how unemployment changes your family dynamic and can change yourShow MoreRelatedVeteran Mental Illness and System Justification Theory1461 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity for many who do not have other options. According to a 2007 AP report, over half of the troops killed in Iraq came from towns where the percentage of people living in poverty was above the national average (Mariscal, 2007). In 2004, nearly two-thirds of all Army recruits where from counties in which median household income fell below the national median (Tyson, 2005). The military relies on economically disadvantaged citizens to fill its ranks, deploys them to combat zones repeatedly andRead MoreA Career as a Flight Attendant1182 Words   |  5 Pagesattendants was $37,240 in May 2012. Moreover, Wallner (2000) explained flight attendant’s duties. First, flight attendants make sure that passengers should follow safety regulation. Second, flight attendants should provide safety and comport to passengers. Third, flight attendants should show their good service performance to passengers. This research paper purports to help people interested in a job of a flight attendant to finalize their career choice and dispel the myth that being a flight attendantRead MorePolitical Participation During The Panchayati Raj Institutions : A Selected Case Study Of Burdwan District Of West Bengal5146 Words   |  21 Pagesare participation of people in democracy, self- realization of an individual and expansion and developing forms of democratic governance(Introducing the Human Development and Capability Approach).Describing the changes of twentieth century, Siddiqui (2004), pointed out two interdependent variables that has changed the scenario considerably. First one is the development of natural science and technology and remaining one is the ideological shift. The science and technology offer immense material resourcesRead MoreResearch Methodology16940 Words   |  68 Pagesundertake research without any aim possibly because of not being able to think of anything else to do. Suc h students can also become good researchers by motivating themselves toward a respectable goal. In the words of Prof.P.Balaram [Current Science, 87(2004)1319] Ph.D. degree is a passport to a research career. The Ph.D. period often inï ¬â€šuence a research scholar to make or to break in a scientiï ¬ c career. (9) Social research helps ï ¬ nd answers to social problems. They explain social phenomena and seek solutionRead MoreAccounting 1-4 Chapter100452 Words   |  402 Pagesformalize your duties and contributions in a written partnership agreement. Retail and service-type businesses, including professional practices (lawyers, doctors, architects, and certified public accountants), often organize as partnerships. As a third alternative, you might organize as a corporation. A business organized as a separate legal entity owned by stockholders is a corporation. Investors in a corporation receive shares of stock to indicate their ownership claim. Buying stock in a corporation

Social Issues Faced By Women - 1917 Words

â€Å"One is not born woman, but rather becomes woman†, Simon de Beauvoir, The Second Sex. With the beginning of a new series of sustainable developmental goals for planet to look forward to, gender equality has managed to grab a standalone goal for sustenance. Exchanging roles series under the umbrella of global goals are much talked about way of spreading awareness about gender equality in India. But the journeys of the demand for care to the care givers have not been a cake walk. Neither has it reached its goal to address the major social issues faced by women yet. Ranked 124th (towards the bottom of 136 countries) in the 2013 Global Gender Gap index, for women’s economic participation, India’s status as a fast growing economy ends up with a big question mark. With 85% of the females involved in informal employment (non-agricultural), they constitute only 30% of all the economically active individuals. Women, as consented by the society to have embedded in their nature, care providence, selflessness, tenderness, have being playing the role of care provider since time immemorial, be it formal or informal, paid or unpaid. With a workforce of 1.1% or 1.2 million women in India’s health sector, it plays as the major industry breeding formal care providence by women. But increase in the female workforce is also accompanied by raised cases of violence and harassment at workplace. A very fresh act addressing the issue of sexual harassment at workplace was passed by the government ofShow MoreRelatedDomestic Worker Means A Person Between The Age1409 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy of one such occupation of women i.e., domestic work and women s health where women are found in large numbers exploited the most and protected by the state the least. A vast majority of these workers are the urban poor -excluded not only from formal sector jobs, but also from formal sector housing - living in slums and informal settlements across the city. Given that informal sector employment is frequently characterized by low wages and incomes, a lack of social security. (Dr. G. VanithamaniRead MoreA Brief Note On Women And In formal Sector1660 Words   |  7 Pages1.4 WOMEN IN INFORMAL SECTOR In many studies it is found that among all categories in the informal sector, domestic worker’ income is the very lowest and they face many problems (Sundaram,1966). They are mostly involved in household tasks, which include washing utensils, floor cleaning ,washing of cloths, cooking as well as some outdoor tasks such as purchase of vegetables etc. Most of them live in slums, lead a monotonous life without any colour, struggle in the every day for their survivalRead MoreIs Education The Key For Global Empowerment?1049 Words   |  5 Pagesmay have a freedom of agency, structural issues do still exist. These exist primarily due to sticky implicit biases that all people have, normally manifesting themselves in unconscious ways. Contrast this to other areas of the globe where entire segments of the population are not allowed to drive, vote, travel, or even work. Their agency is dramatically restricted due to a host of governmental and cultural structural issues. I have been aware of this issue for some time now and have gleaned informationRead MoreClosing Gender Gaps : The Gap Between Men And Women1428 Words   |  6 Pageshighlighted to solve the issue of closing the gap between men and women could easily come down to the Gender and Development theory. Finding out what separates the two genders in terms of the lack of power and resources that differentiates men and women in terms of their roles in development. Gender equality has been argued to be an on going issue, from the start of modern civilization.There are many approaches that have been taken up to resolve the problems of cultural conflicts and social problems that haveRead MoreIs Education The Key For Global Empowerment?1053 Words   |  5 Pag esmay have a freedom of agency, structural issues do still exist. These exist primarily due to sticky implicit biases that all people have, normally manifesting themselves in unconscious ways. Contrast this to other areas of the globe where entire segments of the population are not allowed to drive, vote, travel, or even work. Their agency is dramatically restricted due to a host of governmental and cultural structural issues. I have been aware of this issue for some time now by gleaning informationRead MoreGender Issues For Women s Mothers At Work1510 Words   |  7 PagesGender related issues for women inparticula mothers at work. Gender inequality Inequalities have been prevalent since the beginning of civilization. Up until the women’s movement, did we see a shift in feminism whereby women would gain certain rights. Within this movement, the role of the women fell short to discrimination and gender inequalities. The argument stands forth and is true that there are gender inequalities prevailing in all aspects of society. 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The majority of these missing Aboriginal women were living on the streets, living in poverty and working in the sex trade industry before their disappearances. Why were all of these women in the same situation? I believe that the Conflict Theory explains the hardships, the abuse and the discr imination that each of these women faced before they went missing

Disparities in Diagnosis of Depression Free Essays

In the paper, â€Å"Disparities in Diagnosis of Depression†, the author has made a mention of the problem of African-Americans being less likely to report, getting evaluated or diagnosed for depression, mania or anxiety than their White Counterparts (Gary 2005). This paper would be concentrating on the reasons for this problem. In history, African Americans have been the victims of chattel slavery and many people felt that they could be suffering from certain mental changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Disparities in Diagnosis of Depression or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people considered them to be suffering from a psychiatric disorder known as ‘draptemania’ (characterized by the need to flee from captivity). Although, African-Americans have an inherent nature not to get depressed very easily because of their apparent happy character, the condition is also at a greater risk of going undiagnosed, under-diagnosed or even misdiagnosed. This was a concern existing since a long time and even till today this problem is existing (Baker, 2000, pp. 3167). Minority communities especially African-American’s may make up a vital portion of the US population, and if health problems exist, the health status, economic welfare and quality of living of the entire nation would certainly be affected. Only a small portion of the minority population would be receiving ideal mental healthcare (Reus, 2001). It may not be felt that the mental health services for the African-American Communities should be improved as the risk of developing depression is comparatively lower compared to the White population. Besides, the mental health services may be only developed to lower the occurrence of mental disorders rather than treating a much bigger problem (which could be increasing the risk of developing the disorder) (Witt, 2006). Many of the healthcare providers (such as hospitals, public healthcare settings, etc) tend to focus a lot on the ethnicity of the patients (usually the color the skin) rather than on the individual healthcare requirements and the several socio-economic factors. Several of these providers assume certain problems or issues to have occurred (such as social problems, racial issues, trauma, alienation, etc), which would be responsible for the mental health disorder. The African-American Population may have certain negative experiences with the healthcare system, and hence in the future this ethnic group would develop negative feelings towards the system, thus reducing their reliance on it. Hence, such individuals are less likely to go to the healthcare providers to seek medical care, and in such instances several mental disorders would go undiagnosed and untreated (Mallett, 2000). Several individuals belonging to the minority community may not seek mental health services as they may fear that they may be misunderstood and further they may undergo ill-treatment due to the prevailing lags in culture, ethnicity, language and literary levels. Many of the African-Americans who are seeking mental health services may be locked or held in the hospital wards and forced to undergo treatment. They may be administered drugs in greater than normal dosage and all laws and regulations regarding management may be ignored, misused and by-passed. The White Physicians may be biased while diagnosing and treating African-American mental patients. They may discriminate them racially and be arrogant with them. Some physicians may genuinely have a problem with African-American patients as they may not know the patient’s language and culture (Mallett, 2000). Besides this, several other causes such as homelessness, the presence of several other general disorders, access to illegal drugs, lower levels of insurance coverage, etc, amongst African-American population were responsible for the lower chances of several mental disorders getting evaluated and treated (O’toole, T. P. , Pollini, R. , Gray, P. Jones, T. ; 2007). How to cite Disparities in Diagnosis of Depression, Papers

Labour Productivity of Unincorporated Sole Proprietorships and Partner

Question: You are a semi senior member of staff at the Accounting firm Turpin, Barker and Armstrong based in Sutton. You have been appointed to deal with a pair of new prospective clients who have inherited quite a substantial sum of money from their grandfathers will.These two are brothers want to set up a business but have no knowledge as to what type of business they want to get into let alone the form of business entity available to them 1. As a Semi-Senior member of the accounting staff, you are required to write a report to be delivered by your firm to these brothers explaining the issues below: 2. Explain the different forms of business units(sole proprietorship, partnership, limited company) available, highlighting the benefits and limitations of each? 3. Explain financial accounting and management accounting, highlighting the differences between the two strands of accounting ? 4. Assuming that you have not been given any information about the inheritance of the brothers. Explain the sources of finance available to a business owner, looking at Short-term sources, Medium-term sources and Long-term sources of finance giving examples of each.? Answer: Introduction: The phrase management accounting means the skill of constructing the information of management and the fiscal reports which presents the specific and apposite economic and precise data essential by the members of the board of the firm to take squat tenure decisions (Jagels, Coltman and Coltman, 2004). The term financial accounting means the skill which shows the yearly report for the stock holders of the firm for example the balance sheet of the entity and the statement of income of the entity. The datas which are set by the company for the investors of the entity, the department of tax of the entity and also for the stake holders of the entity. The research analyst analyzed from this research that the various categories of business units reachable in the corporate market and the conception of financial accounting and the notion of management accounting (Robbins and Coulter, 2005). 1:Various forms of business units: Sole Proprietorships: An industry which is operated by an individual is known as the sole proprietorship firm. It is one of the ordinary and simplest types of a business. In this form of business the industry is able to manage a number of persons in relation to the concern business but as far as the proprietorship of the company are concerns it has to be one and specific. This kind of entrepreneurship is quite easy to establish and the entire amount of the profit can be enjoyed by the owner himself subject to some exceptions (Daily, 2008). Procedure for formation of sole proprietorship business: In a comparison to the other form of business, establishment of this form of business is very easy. At the primary level if a person would like to start a company then that person can establish a sole proprietorship company. For the purpose of establishment and controlling no special kind of license is necessary for the proprietor. In case of a sole proprietary business, it can be dissolved when the owner would like to dissolve it, it totally depends upon the will of the owner whether he would like to conduct the business procedure or not (Baldwin, Rispoli and Leung, 2011). Merits of sole proprietary business: In comparison to the other industry a sole proprietary business has a lot more merits. A sole proprietary company acquires special advantages as to tax benefits as well as its operational field. Simple way of constructing the company is one of the major operational benefits of the sole proprietary companies. In this kind of companies the owner runs the business single handedly and looks after all the factors relating to the conducts of the business. In case of a sole proprietary company, payment of diverse tax is not essential, the taxable amount depends upon the total gain of the company and it is filed by the income tax form of the concern owner himself (Batten, 2011). Demerits of sole proprietary business: In comparison to other industries, operational demerits and demerits relating to the liability of the company exists in a vast manner. One of the main disadvantage of this form of business is the owner of the business is liable for the liabilities of his business, it is possible that in spite of dissolving the business the owner have to discharge the liabilities of the business at his own responsibility (Harden, 2011). Another demerit of this kind of business is that the owner cannot include in the concern business another owner then that will not remain as the sole proprietorship business any more. If the owner of the business is not so well capable in relation to the conducts of the business then it is possible that the business may run on loss as the operational functions of the business mainly depends upon the credential of the owner of the concern business. Dissolve of the business: This form of business dissolves at the will of the owner, whenever the owner of the business would like to stop running the business then the business dissolves itself. Partnership business: If two or more person together takes an initiation to form a business jointly with an object of sharing profit or loss among them, then it will be considered as the partnership business. The persons who jointly establish the company are known as the partners of the concern company (Weiss, Serlis-McPhillips and Malafi, 2011). The partners of a partnership business are responsible to introduce the required capital in the business as specified proportionate and they may distribute the workload of the business among them. At the time of opening a partnership company the owners or the partners have to make sure some of the necessary decisions, like the proportion of profit or loss, amount of capital and it proportions among them, their post and role in the conduct of the business and many other major and minor factors are to be decided by the partners. To avoid conflicts and for the purpose of legal enforceability a partnership agreement as to the business is formed by the partners where all the necessary terms and conditions in relation to the partnership business in clearly mentioned, in this agreement it is also mentioned that if one partner dies what will be the future aspect in this regard. By virtue of the terms of the agreement partners used to control the conduct of the business, this agreement is known as partnership deed, it must be in writing instead of oral agreement for avoiding future ambiguities (Gage, 2004). Characteristics of partnership business: 1. More than one member: In a partnership form of business there must be at least two members but this number of two members may be increased. In this form of business two or several persons jointly construct the business and run the business with an object of earning profits. These persons are known as the partners of the business (Biech, 2007). 2. Partnership deed: In a partnership business there must be an agreement among the partners of the concern business where all the necessary terms and conditions relating to the partnership of the business are mentioned, this agreement is known as the partnership deed (Pelle, 2007).3. Legality: In a partnership business the subject matter of the business and the conduct of the business must be lawful, and no illegal work is permissible within the scope of a partnership business. All the partners of the business are lawfully bound under the partnership deed (Jasper, 2001).4. Competency of partners: For the purpose of entering into a partnership agreement as well as a partnership deed the partners must be competent to contract like the partners must have attained the age of maturity, is of sound mind and enough capable of understanding the terms and conditions of the partnership deed.5. Distribution of profit or loss: In a partnership business all the partners are entitle to share the profits of the business in accordance to the terms of the partnership deed and in absence of any such term in the partnership deed then all the partners are entitle to share the profits equally. In case of a loss in the business all the partners are liable to share such loss in accordance to their proportion into the profit of the business. Advantages and disadvantages of partnership business: In a partnership business, capital introduction is quite easy as it is introduced by several partners in a proportion. Operational functions are also very business friendly in nature. Risks and liabilities of the business get low as it is distributed among all the partners (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger, 2012). There are some demerits in this form of business like there is no limitation as to the debt of the partnership firm. There is possibility of lack of efficiency from the partners. The process of profit shifting is very rigid in nature. There is no assurance of the future existence of the partnership business (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2011). Limited company: The establishment of incorporation that confines the entire measure of accountability should be underneath unease of the stockpile holders of the business. The explanation of this type of establishment of a commercial company is adept in the European nations. It is usually famous in name of Limited Liability Company. Subsequently, this type of business is recognized as Liability Company (Clayton, 2008). In the corporate sector there are two kind of limited company exists namely private limited company and the other one is public limited company. The virtual scope of limited companies is very vast, even a lot of limited companies are running from more than one generation. Formation of limited company: For the purpose of establishing a limited company the initiators have to register the name of the company with the House of Companies in accordance to the company laws of the nation. The registration of the company falls under the Companies Act 2006. In 21st century there are more than a couple of million companies within the territory of Europe. According to the provisions of the Companies Act 2006 every company must have at least one director and one company secretary (Hannigan, 2009). Advantages and disadvantages of company: The scope of the limited companies is very vast and the conducts of the limited companies are quite prompt. It does not get dissolved by the wish of the directors but it has a separate legal entity in the eyes of the law. The procedure for establishment of a limited company is quite difficult in comparison to other form of companies. In this kind of business huge amount capital is needed which may put a hurdle in the formation of the company. Limited companies influence CENVAT in the field of legislations. 2: Concept of Management Accounting: The term management accounting consist the method of constructing the information of financial records and management that assists the administrators in taking short term decisions by taking into consideration such suitable information (Hamada, 2010). Concept of financial accounting: Financial accounting means a method that shows the financial condition of a company for a specific period of time, for example, balance sheet, manufacturing account, P/L account etc. Distinction between management accounting and financial accounting: Management accounting helps the administrators to take short term decisions and it comprises the part of financial accounting of the company itself but financial accounting helps the company in analyzing the financial condition of the company and the amount of profit or loss earned by the company in a financial year. 3: In accordance with the character of the foundation of finance, they are chiefly categorized as inner resource and outer resource. However, they are also classified as a short tenure resource of finance, intermediate tenure resource of finance and lengthy tenure resource of finance. Short tenure resources of finance are obtainable merely for a single year. Likewise, intermediate tenure resources of finance are obtainable for trade up to five consecutive years and lengthy tenure resources of finance are obtainable for a term of more than five years. Private resources of finance are able to be classified in accordance with either of three of the above specified heads. On the other hand, regular share capital is the most important lengthy tenure resource in the field of finance. Additionally, bank loan, venture capital, and loan capital are too measured as the lengthy tenure resource of finance. Then again, numerous loan capitals also considered as the intermediate tenure resource of finance. Yet again, one of the major short tenure resources of finance is bank overdraft. Whilst taking into consideration any resources in relation to finance whether it is short tenure, intermediate tenure or lengthy tenure, there desires to mull over the lawful construction of the trade association resembling whether it is Limited or Private Limited Company. For instance, Limited and Private Limited Company are able to sell their shares, but sole proprietors; even business of partnership firm is unable to do this. Hence, depending upon the lawful construction of the industry, the resources of finance might be altered. Likewise, the utilization of finance also shows what type of resource desires to be utilized. For instance, for establishing a fresh business the proprietor must go for lengthy tenure resource of finance. Additionally, the revenue level points out what type of resource of finance have to be used. In this context, the echelon of hazard or risk enchanting competencies, inclination of the proprietors, the echelon of sum necessary mostly influence the accessibility of the resources of finance. Conclusion: In this context various forms of business and their advantages as well as disadvantages has been highlighted. Apart from that the purpose of management accounting and financial accounting is also been discussed with the assistance of various references. Recommendation: Every form of business has some merits and some demerits, the trader should take into consideration of the business he is looking for and should take necessary adaptions for encountering demerits of the business. References: Baldwin, J., Rispoli, L. and Leung, D. (2011).Labour productivity of unincorporated sole proprietorships and partnerships. Ottawa, Ont.: Statistics Canada, Economic Analysis Division. Batten, D. (2011).Gale encyclopedia of American law. Detroit, Mich.: Gale. Biech, E. (2007).The business of consulting. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Cavusgil, S., Knight, G. and Riesenberger, J. (2012).International business. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Pearson. Clayton, P. (2008).Forming a limited company. London: Kogan Page. Daily, F. (2008).Tax savvy for small business. Berkeley, CA: NOLO. Gage, D. (2004).The partnership charter. New York: Basic Books. Hamada, K. (2010).Business group management in Japan. Singapore: World Scientific. Hannigan, B. (2009).Company law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Harden, B. (2011).The adviser's guide to S corps, C corps, partnerships, LLCs, and sole proprietorships. New York: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Jagels, M., Coltman, M. and Coltman, M. (2004).Hospitality management accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley. Jasper, M. (2001).Law for the small business owner. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications. Kimmel, P., Weygandt, J. and Kieso, D. (2011).Accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Pelle, S. (2007).Understanding emerging markets. New Delhi: Response Books. Robbins, S. and Coulter, M. (2005).Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Weiss, L., Serlis-McPhillips, S. and Malafi, E. (2011).Small business and the public library. Chicago: American Library Association.